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I am using Outlook for Mac 15.29 (161209) on a MacBook Pro running macOS Sierra 10.12.2. In the last few days, I have experienced delays in moving files to folders when using the 'Move', 'Other Folder.' As soon as I select 'Other Folder.'
, Outlook starts to consume 100% of the CPU. This lasts for a few seconds and then I can type a few characters in the search bar. Outlook again consumes 100% of the CPU until the list of folders appears. Overall, this takes 20-30 seconds, which doesn't seem like a long time until you have to go through an inbox of dozens of messages which need to be filed. Do you have any suggestions? Is this a problem that others have started to experience with the last couple of Outlook updates?
Hello Hans, I have the same problem, as does the poster in You asked the OP for activity monitor logs, etc. This isn't a performance problem per se. It appears to be a new feature where after I hit Command-Shift-M, outlook searches my thousands of folders for any folder name that contains the characters I type in the Search box. This would of course take a long time. The behavior until the very latest version was that the characters I typed in the Search box were matched only against the beginning characters in the folder names. Can you give us an option to go back to the old behavior where outlook only matched the starting characters of the folder name, and Command-Shift-M was very fast? Or maybe cache the folder list so that it doesn't do a complete loading of thousands of folder names every time I hit Command-Shift-M?
The other annoying side effect of this new feature (which I think was well-intentioned) is that the characters in the Search box are matched against any string anywhere in the folder name. So I am now able to find a folder with the characters XYZ anywhere in its name, so that's nice. But a common string (e.g., my name) might pull up tens of choices to scroll through. It would be nice if you allowed special characters in the Search box such that I can specify that the folder name starts with the supplied string, or has a space before it, etc.
Thanks, Reza. Hi Reza, Thanks for sharing your experience with us. This is one of the causes that there are thousands of folders in Outlook, so the search result is delayed. As you mentioned, let the search only matched the starting characters of the folder name, which is the best way to let the engineers see your suggestion. If the folder name contains the special characters, you can type the special characters in search box certainly.
So, do you mean the “special characters” are not allowed to be folders’ name? Regards, Hans. Hello Hans, Thanks for the reply. Let me try to clarify this better.
As for 'making a suggesting to engineers' in the case of search taking a long time with a large number of folders, this is a new problem. Until a couple of weeks ago, search was fast even when I had thousands of folders. Only the latest update has made it slow.
So, it's a bug. The question of whether search should match only the starting characters or characters anywhere in the folder name came up only because this new capability and the slow search appeared in the same update. So, they are probably connected (and one can imagine how searching anywhere in the folder name would be slower). So, you introduced a new feature, which has caused major problems for users who have many folders. Does this make more sense now? By special characters, I meant wildcards. Now that the characters are matched anywhere in the folder name, when I type, say, 'customer' in the search field, I get a list of tens of folders.
One way to limit this is if I could use search strings that are a bit more sophisticated, e.g. Similar to the linux grep command, which allows wildcard/special characters Thanks, Reza. Hi Reza, Thanks for your clarification. Regarding the slow search problem, I need to consult our related team.
Meanwhile, I need to collect the following information to troubleshoot:. The detailed version of Outlook;. The version of OS;. How long does the search take when you search a folder? If it is possible, please provide a video about search. Could you specify the number of the folders, one or two thousand? To record video in Mac, please follow the steps below:.
Open Quicktime player;. Click file in the taskbar New Screen Recording click the red dot to start;. Press Command-Control-Esc to pause. You may provide the video.
Regards, Hans. Hi JJSchuster, Thanks for sharing your experience with us.
To troubleshoot, please provide the following information:. The detailed version of Outlook. The version of OS. How long does the search take when you search a folder?. How many folders do you have in Outlook? Besides, please provide a video about searching a folder with entire name& beginning name, which will be very helpful for us to better understand your situation.
To record video in Mac, please follow the steps below:. Open Quicktime player;. Click file in the taskbar New Screen Recording click the red dot to start;. Press Command-Control-Esc to pause.
Regards, Hans. Hi KBClgary&Reza, To narrow down the issue, please check whether CPU is high when searching the folders. Here are the steps:. Open Activity Monitor (Finder Applications Utilities Activity Monitor) click the CPU tab. Open Outlook, and reproduce the issue (searching folders). Check CPU whether it is high during the search. If yes, double-click Microsoft Outlook under the CPU tab, click Sample Process.
When sampling is done, send us the txt file along with the support ticket. The logs will be very helpful for us to analyze this problem. Many thanks for your efforts. @JJSchuster, For Outlook for Mac insider fast user, you may use in-app support to report the issue and provide feedback: open Outlook and select Help Contact Support.
Regards, Hans.
Methodology The minimal archaeacidal concentration (MAC) of peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, squalamine and twelve parent synthetic derivatives reported in this study was determined against five human-associated methanogenic archaea including Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis and two environmental methanogens Methanobacterium beijingense and Methanosaeta concilii by using a serial dilution technique in Hungates tubes. Principal Findings MAC of squalamine derivative S1 was 0.05 mg/L against M. Smithii strains, M. Arboriphilicus, M. Concilii and M.
Beijingense whereas MAC of squalamine and derivatives S2–S12 varied from 0.5 to 5 mg/L. Stadtmanae and M. Luminyensis, MAC of derivative S1 was 0.1 mg/L and varied from 1 to ≥10 mg/L for squalamine and its parent derivatives S2–S12. Under the same experimental conditions, chlorhexidine and peracetic acid lead to a MAC of 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively against all tested archaea. Introduction An increasing number of methanogenic archaea are being found in the human microbiota.
Since Miller and collaborators reported the isolation of methanogenic archaea Methanobrevibacter smithii from human feces, new strains were recently identified. Thus, Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis were isolated from human feces and Methanobrevibacter oralis was identified from the human subgingival plaque –. Recently, we isolated Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus and Methanobrevibacter millerae from human feces specimens (S. Khelaifia, M.
Drancourt, unpublished data). Smithii is an almost constant inhabitant of the human gut, M. Stadtmanae was only found in about one-third of individuals and M.
Luminyensis in an average of 4% individuals with an age-dependent prevalence. It has been shown that purge used prior to colonoscopy, may not eliminate these particular methanogenic archaea: for instance, halophilic and methanogenic archaea M. Stadtmanae, M.
Arboriphilicus and Methanosaeta concilii were detected in colonic mucosal biopsies from patients who had received a purge. Therefore, these human-associated archaea may contaminate any medical device soiled by feces such as colonoscopes. This contamination could be problematic because archaea significantly differ from bacteria so that the archaeacidal activity of biocides cannot be simply deduced from their bactericidal activity. Moreover, human-associated archaea have been found to be highly resistant to most commonly used antibiotics,. In the perspective of broadening the spectrum of new active molecules, and more precisely against archaea organisms colonizing the human gut, squalamine and its derivatives appear to be among the few antimicrobial agents able to demonstrate an efficient anti-archaea activity,. Squalamine is a natural aminosteol compound which is extracted from the spiny dogfish shark live. Among various properties, it was found to be a potent antimicrobial compound active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
We previously observed its in-vitro activity against four methanogenic archaea. Here, we investigated the in-vitro archaeacidal activity of 15 biocides including original squalamine derivatives against seven archaea including five human-associated archaea. Smithii ATCC 35061T DSMZ 861, M. Smithii DSMZ 2374, M. Smithii DSMZ 2375, M.
Smithii DSMZ 11975, M. Oralis DSMZ 7256 T, M. Stadtmanae ATCC 43021T DSMZ 3091, Methanobacterium beijingense DSMZ 15999 and M. Concilii DSMZ 2139, purchased from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Arboriphilicus strain tested in this study was recently isolated in our laboratory from human feces (S. Khelaifia, M.
Drancourt, unpublished data). Smithii strains, M. Arboriphilicus and M. Beijingense were grown on liquid media 119.
The media 119 modified by addition of 1 g of Yeast extract and 2.5-bar of H 2/CO 2 (80/20) atmosphere was used to cultivate M. The media 322 was used to cultivate M. Stadtmanae and the media 334c to cultivate M. Concilii, at 37°C in Hungate tubes (Dutscher, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) under a 2-bar H 2/CO 2 (80/20) atmosphere under stirring. Luminyensis CSUR P135T was cultivated using Methanobrevibacter medium (medium 119: ) modified by the addition of methanol and selenite/tungstate solution under 2-bar of H 2/CO 2 (80/20) atmosphere under stirring. Testing Archaeacidal Activity A filtered aqueous solution of each one of the 12 biocides (, ) was anaerobically added at a final 5 mg/L concentration into Hungate tubes containing distilled water; tubes were previously sterilized by autoclaving at 120°C for 30 min under an H 2/CO 2 (80/20) atmosphere.
The in-vitro archaeacidal activity of the biocides was determined by transferring 10E+05 archaea cells/mL of an exponentially growing culture into 4.5 mL of fresh medium containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 5 or 10 mg/L of biocide. Tubes were incubated at 37°C under stirring and archaea growth was observed after a 5-day incubation. Cultures were centrifuged at 11,000 g for three minutes at room temperature, washed with fresh medium to remove traces of biocide and reinoculated into a new culture medium.
Control cultures without biocide were incubated in parallel. Growth of archaea was assessed by optical microscopy observation and parallel measurement of methane production using a GC-8A gas chromatograph (Shimadzu, Champs-sur-Marne, France) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector and a Chromosorb WAW 80/100 mesh SP100 column (Alltech, Carquefou, France). N 2 at a pressure of 100 kPa was used as the carrier gas. The detector and the injector temperature was 200°C and the column temperature was 150°C. The in-vitro activity of biocide under these culture conditions was verified as follows. Culture media 119, 322, 334 and M. Luminyensis medium were supplemented with a final concentration of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 5 or 10 mg/L of biocide and were incubated at 37°C in a H 2/CO 2 (80/20) atmosphere for 10 days.
The activity of each biocide was controlled using clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, in the same culture conditions as the tested archaea. Growth controls with appropriate media instead of derivative dilutions were introduced in all experiments. The minimal archaeacidal concentration (MAC) was defined as the lowest biocide concentration killing archaea organisms. This was measured by observing the inhibition of methane production and the absence of microscopically visible growth of this archaea.
Results The activity of the tested biocides incubated at 37°C under an H 2/CO 2 (80/20) atmosphere was confirmed by observing the killing of E. Aureus strains used as controls, after a 5-day incubation. All the positive control cultures of M. Arboriphilicus, M. Stadtmanae, M.
Luminyensis, M. Beijingense and M. Concilii incubated without biocide grew as expected with a methane production starting at day 3. As for four M. Smithii strains, M.
Arboriphilicus, M. Concilii and M. Beijingensis, MAC was of 0.05 mg/L for squalamine derivative S1; 0.5 mg/L for squalamine and derivatives S2–S6; and 2 to 5 mg/L for derivatives S7–S12. Stadtmanae and M. Luminyensis, MAC was of 0.1 mg/L for S1; 1 mg/L for squalamine and derivatives S2–S6; and 5 mg/L to ≥10 mg/L for derivatives S7–S12.
Chlorhexidine and peracetic acid lead to a MAC of 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively against all tested archaea. S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 Squalamine Chlorhexidine Peracetic acid M. Smithii ATCC35061 T 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M. SmithiiDSMZ 2374 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M.
SmithiiDSMZ 2375 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M. SmithiiDSMZ 11975 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M. OralisDSMZ 7256 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M. Arboriphilicus 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M.
BeijingenseDSMZ 15999 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M. ConsiliiDSMZ 2139 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5 5 5 5 5 2 0.5 0.2 1.5 M. StadtmanaeATCC 43021 T 0,1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 5 1 0.2 1.5 M. LuminyensisCSUR P13 T 0.1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 5 1 0.2 1.5.
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Discussion Although several reports have documented the presence of archaea in the human gut microbiota, they remain a neglected field in medical microbiology. This is illustrated by the complete lack of study addressing the archaeacidal activity of biocides.
This is surprising considering intestinal archaea can potentially contaminate medical devices such as colonoscopes. Moreover, it has been shown that a purge prior to colonoscopy does not eliminate archaea from the gut. Indeed, non-methanogenic halophilic archaea have been detected in one purge preparation. Accordingly, transmission of methanogenic archaea between patients via reusable medical equipments such as colonoscopes may alter the intestinal microbiota, causing pathologies such as digestive tract diseases and obesity,. Studying the archaeacidal activity of some biocides is even more urgent, as archaea exhibit a unique cell wall structure and composition which keep the results from being simply extrapolated from what was already known for bacteria. Accordingly, in general, archaea are more resistant to antibiotics than bacteria,. Therefore, there was a need to assess the archaeacidal activity of biocides used in routine.
Here, since the controls introduced in all experiments produced the expected results, the reported data have been interpreted as authentic. In particular, we controlled the in-vitro activity of molecules herein tested under the unusual atmosphere comprising of 80% H 2 and 20% CO 2 required for growing methanogenic archaea. In addition, we tested squalamine as a positive control molecule and observed a MAC value in the range of the previously reported value,. In the present study, we extended data on squalamine to M.
Arboriphilicus, M. Beijingense and M. Concilii which have not been previously tested for their susceptibility to squalamine. We observed that the susceptibility of archaea to biocides varies depending on both the archaea species and the nature of the tested biocide. In particular, M.
Stadmanae, an archaea found in almost one-third of individuals, was twice more resistant to biocides than the other tested archaea. This observation is in line with our previous observation that M. Stadmanae is more resistant to antibiotics than M. The mechanisms underlying such differences are unknown but they should be broad-spectrum, relatively poorly specific mechanisms such as differences in the cell wall composition. Archaea possess membranes made of chemically stable glycerol-ether lipid bonds. In some archaea the lipid bilayer is replaced by a monolayer, in which the tails of two independent phospholipid molecules are fused into a single molecule with two polar heads.
This fusion may render membranes more rigid and stable in harsh environments. Archaea lipids are based upon long isoprene side chain and often cyclopropane or cyclohexane rings. These branched chains may keep archaeal membranes from leaking at high temperatures or help them resist to disrupting membrane agents,. Another broad-spectrum mechanism relies on efflux of molecules. Whereas the M. Smithii ATCC 35061 complete genome (GenBank accession number ) encodes for six efflux pumps representing 3/1000 of the genome size, M.
Stadtmanae DSM 3091 complete genome sequence (GenBank accession number NC 007681) encodes for four efflux pumps representing 4/1000 of the genome size. Two commonly used biocides chlorhexidine and peracetic acid, exhibited an archaeacidal activity under current decontamination protocols and by using concentrations of 0.2 and 1.5 g/L, respectively. However, squalamine and its derivatives exhibited a higher activity than these two usual biocides on the majority of here tested archaea, not on all archaea.
Interestingly, these compounds are equally active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including bacteria from the human intestinal microbiota,. They act directly on the cell membrane of the bacteria by creating holes , emptying the cell cytoplasms which lead to the death of the bacteria.
Data herein reported indicate that some squalamine derivatives exhibited an increased in-vitro activity against methanogenic archaea, particularly for derivative S1. Indeed, the structure of the different squalamine derivatives greatly influences their archaeacidal activity: aminosterol derivatives from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) demonstrate a lower activity (around 5 µg/mL) compared to pregnenolone derivatives (0.05 to 0.5 µg/mL) while they differ only by the length of the side chain in position 17 suggesting a required specific conformation by targeting archaea.
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On the other hand, even in the same series the activity is conserved whatever the nature of the amino side chain introduced except for derivative S1 which is ten times more active and which differs only by the presence of three positive charges instead of two in all the other products suggesting a potent interaction of the positive charge of the compound with the negative charge of the archaeal membrane. All these features constitute a basis for the development of a new class of biocides devoted to the decontamination of archaea-contaminated medical devices. Conclusion The data reported here indicate that peracetic acid, which is routinely used for the desinfection of medical devices including colonoscopes, is effective against human-associated archaea. Nevertheless, less corrosive agents such as squalamine and its parent derivatives appear as better promising biocides against the majority of human-associated archaea. Studies are now under current investigation to understand their involved mechanistic rationale and improve their potent routinely use for disinfection of medical devices including colonoscopes.